V
vacuum encapsulation 1116, 1117, 1126 vacuum packaged MEMS 1118 vacuum packaging 231, 1116, 1121 van der Waals 607, 617, 621 – adhesion 616 – attraction 515 – contact 759 – force 372, 386, 398, 404, 406, 450, 544, 545, 550–554, 557, 558, 618 – interaction 58, 289, 402, 457, 843, 865 – surfaces 435 vanadium carbide 691 vapor deposition 104, 120 vapor grown – carbon fiber 53 – carbon nanofiber 56 vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) mechanism 105 varactor diodes 241 variable capacitor 240 variable force mode 362 variable temperature STM – setup 416 variable-temperature SLAM (T-SLAM) 663 vascular – address system mapping 297, 298 – prosthesis 310 VCM loop compensator 972 vehicle stability 232 velocity – critical 585, 587, 590, 591 velocity dependence of friction 644 velocity effect 871 Verlet algorithm 457 vertical coupling 329 vertical rms-noise 434 vertically aligned MWNT 59 Verwey transition temperature 439 very large-scale integration (VLSI) 922, 940 vibration 749 – external 329 vibratory rate gyroscope 232 vibromotor 236 Vickers – hardness 674, 678, 695 – indentations 771 – indenter 765 vinylidene fluoride 404 viral life cycle 755 virgin single-crystal silicon 996 virtual jump distance 889 viruses 747 viscoelastic – effect 468 – model 934 – properties 681 – relaxation time 731 – response 731 viscoelasticity 663, 702, 711 – mapping 505, 528 viscosity 730, 885 viscous – damping 469 – force 569, 580, 584, 1061 VLS (Vapor-Liquid-Solid) 60 – growth method 116 – mechanism 60 – method 105, 108, 137 VLSI (very large scale integration) 922, 940 voice coil motor (VCM) 952 voltage bias 383 voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) 239, 946 voltage-displacement function 1068 voltage-to-force gain 956 von Karman plate theory 1055 vortex in superconductor 440 V-shaped cantilever 341, 610, 634