N
N acceptors 10 Na on Cu (111) 421 NaCl 397 – island on Cu(111) 655 – islands 468 – thin film on Cu(111) 398 NaCl(001) 397 NaCl(100) 641–643, 648 NaF 397, 640 NAND gate 15 nanites 1146 nanoasperity 515, 695 nanobeam 669 – array 766, 774 nanobiological – applications 313 – design 312 – devices 281 – vaccine design 312 nanobiotechnological device 300 nanobiotechnological therapeutic device 313 nanochannel glass 100, 102 nanochemistry 984 nanocluster 400 nanocomposite – coating 833 – materials 28 nanocrystallites 800 nanodeformation 864, 880 nanodevice 85, 281 – multiple therapeutic 294 nanoelectrodes 32 nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) 226, 246, 606, 764, 901, 984 nanoelectronic device 32, 34 nano-electronics 84 nanofabrication 147, 170, 175, 187, 326, 526 – techniques 253 nanofatigue 810 nanofiber 44, 53 nanofilament 44, 60 nanogaps 31 nanohardness 695, 804, 805, 1000 nanohelix 12 nanoimprint 171 nanoindentation 674, 688, 697, 805, 1024 – curve 677 – measurement 504 nanoindenter 765, 769, 818, 1028 nanolubrication 883 nanomachine 1147 nanomachining 325, 326 – techniques 205 nanomagnetism 431 nanomania 1146 nanomaterial 662 nanomechanical Si beams 247 nanometer resolution 186 nanometer servo precision 979 nano-objects 68 nanoparticle 49, 374 – contrast agents 305, 306 nanoparticulate carriers 310 nanophobia 1146 nanoporous membranes 285, 314 – microfabrication 286 nano-positioning 359 nanorheology 584 nanoscale – antimicrobials 293 – architectural property 283 – assemblers 1146 – biomolecules 10, 12 – control of molecular events 310 – data bit 909 – drug delivery 291 – electrodes 23, 27 – FET 117 – film morphology 917 – interventions 285 – mechanical properties 661, 662 – molecular therapeutic device 308 – molecules 35 – Schottky barrier 34 – supramolecular assembly 407 – therapeutic device 281, 315 – therapeutic platforms 284 – wear 518 Nanoscope I 328 nanoscratch 522 – studies 765 nanostructures 147, 170, 171, 179 – containing proteins 307 – mechanical properties 764, 1023 nanoswitches 15 nanotechnological – actions 755 – therapy 307 nanotechnology 280, 918, 1139 – definition 1136 – ethical issues 1136 – in the living world 740 – possible applications 1136 – recommendations 1138 – role of social sciences 1148 – social issues 1136 – unintended consequences 1143 nanotherapeutic 280, 288, 303 – contrast agents 304, 310 – delivery device 298 – design paradigms 282 – device application 307 – device components 285 – devices in oncology 307 – drug delivery 311 – triggering external stimuli 299 – vaccines 312 nanotransfer printing (nTP) 190 nanotransistor 32 nanotribology 717, 862 nanotube 12, 105, 133 – AFM tips 379 – buckling 377 – chemistry 67 – defects 47 – functionalization of wall 72 – functionalized 71, 72 – growth 45 – length 382 – morphology 49 – nucleation 45 – oxidation 72 – resistance 34 – strain 671 – surface energy 380 – tip fabrication 380 – tips, surface growth 380 – transistor 34 – volume fraction 83 – yield 49, 59 nanotube production 56 – efficiency 49 – electric-arc method 48 – laser ablation 46 – solar furnace 52 – techniques 57 nanotube-based – emitter 74 – hybrid material 71 – sensor 75 – SPM tip 73 nanotube-Co-MgO 81 nanotube-containing – composite 82 – electrical device 289 nanotube-Fe/Co-MgAl2O4 81 nanotube-Fe-Al2O3 81 nanotube-polymer composite 83 nano-tweezer 85 nanowire 31 – applications 131, 138 – metal 69 – nucleation 110 – photodetectors 135 – semimetallic 118 – stress-induced crystalline 107 – superlattice 132 – Zn 120, 123 – ZnO 135 nanowire device – two-terminal 132 naphthalene channel 21 National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI) 1137 native oxide layer 868 Nb superconductor 423 NBIC convergence 1140 NbSe2 431, 649 NC-AFM (noncontact atomic force microscopy) 397, 433 near-field – method 903 – scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) 128, 372 – technique 434 near-surface mechanical properties 665 necrotic domains 307 negative logic convention 26 negative magnetoresistance 121 neighbouring indents 678 NEMS 831, 983, 988, 1023 – devices 246 – nanoelectromechanical systems 226, 246, 606, 764, 901, 984 neocarzinostatin (NCS) 309 nested-arc structure 680 net electrostatic torque 1066 net fluid transport 261 newspaper – electronic 196 Newton’s first law 454 Newtonian flow 570, 580, 581, 583 Newton–Raphson method 753 n-hexadecane 888 N-hydroxysuccinimidyl (NHS) 478 Ni(001) tip on Cu(100) 653 Ni(111) tip on Cu(110) 653 Ni, Co catalyst 47 Ni/Y catalyst 49 Ni2+-chelating 485 nickel-iron permalloy 259 Ni-Fe valve membrane 259 NIH3T3 fibroblast cell 489 NiO 402, 417 NiO(001) 397, 400, 402 NiO(001) surface 403 Ni-P – beam 785 – cantilever 778 – film 770, 771 – microbeam 777, 785 NiTi 665 – transformation behavior 666 nitrogenated carbon 800 NMP (no moving part) valves 265 noble metal surfaces 424 n-octadecyltrichlorosilane (n-C18H37SiCl3, OTS) 616, 842 n-octadecyltrimethoxysilane (OTE) 615 noise 387, 391, 453 – 1/f 387, 957 – electronic 333 – external 415 – performance 391 – signal 941 – source 355 – vertical 391 Nomarski-interferometer 352 nonconducting film 798 nonconductive – materials 404 – sample 329 – surface 462 nonconforming contacts 890 noncontact – dynamic force microscopy 654 – friction 438, 655 – imaging 331 – mode 373, 388, 909 noncontact atomic force microscopy (NC-AFM) 374, 385, 391, 393, 397, 404, 654 nondestructive contact-mode measurement 652 nondimensional curvature 1051 nonequilibrium interactions see dynamic interactions nonequilibrium simulations 720 noninvasive device 283 nonlinear – force 460 – geometry effect 1058 – I–V behavior 124 – material behavior 1058, 1059 – optical property 129 – spring 491 – strain-displacement relation 1055 nonliquidlike behavior 584 nonmagnetic Zn 431 non-Newtonian behavior 885 non-Newtonian flow 570, 581, 583 nonpolar group 838 nonspherical tip 647 nonsymmetrical passive valves 268 nontherapeutic nanobiological device 283 nonvolatile random access memories (NVRAM) 899–913 nonwetting 560 NOR gate 15 normal friction 569, 577, 579, 580 normal load 721, 866 – external 867 normalized frequency shift 463 no-slip boundary condition 729 NOT gate 15 N-succinnimidyl-3-(Sacethylthio) propionate (SATP) 478 NTA (nitrilotriacetate) - His6 478 nTP (nanotransfer printing) 197 nuclear weapon 1140 nucleation of nanowires 110 nucleic – acid (NA) 294, 299 – acid hybridization 294, 300 nucleotides 747 n-undecyltrichlorosilane (n-C11H23SiCl3, UTS) 842