F
Fab molecule 476 fabrication – of membrane 314 – of microfluidic systems 254 – ofmoldmasters 255 – techniques 254 – technology 225 face-centered cubic (fcc) 792 faceted 109, 111, 135 failure – density function 1125 – mechanism 825, 1125 – mode 1101 – mode effect analysis (FMEA) 1101 – of MEMS/NEMS device 1012 – rate 1126 Fano resonance 425 fatigue 810 – behavior 769 – crack 776, 823, 1125 – damage 810 – failure 1036 – life 809 – measurement 1032 – properties 768, 776 – resistance 1028 – strength 776 – test 776, 813 fatty acid monolayer 841 FC (flip chip) technique 1113 FCA (filtered cathodic arc) 815 – coating 806, 811 Fe(NO3)3 381 feasible simulation – maximum 719 Fe-coated tip 403 feedback – architecture 228 – circuit 333, 464, 465 – loop 363, 373, 450, 456, 461, 465, 485, 634, 957 – network 327 – signal 388 Fe-N/Ti-N multilayer 675 FeO 402 Feridex 306 Fermi – energy 122 – level 33, 422 – points 428 ferrocene 59 – hydrophobic 24 ferroelectric film 913 ferromagnetic – particles 305 – probe 439 – tip 441 FE-SEM image 136 FFM (friction force microscopy) 632 – dynamic mode 652 – on atomic scale 644 – tip 507, 636, 639 FIB (focused ion beam) tips 376 fiber – optic telecommunication 233 – optical interferometer 352 – optics 299 FIB-milled probe 342 FID – free induction decay 305 field – emission 910 – emission tip 378, 910 – emission-based display 58 – emission-based screen 74 – ion microscope (FIM) 452 field-effect transistor (FET) 85, 116, 132, 137, 289, 290, 302 figure of merit 133 filled nanotube 69 filling efficiency 71 film/substrate system 1045 films on substrate 1023 film–substrate interface 1035 film–substrate system 1060 filtered cathodic arc (FCA) deposition 796–811 filtering 246 FIM (field ion microscope) 452 – technique 464 finite – difference (FD) 1063 – element (FE) 1063 – element analysis 778 – element method (FEM) 764, 1049 – element modeling (FEM) 699 – size effect 131 first generation NEMS devices 247 first principle calculation 396 first principle simulation 434 FKT (Frenkel–Kontorova–Tomlinson) – model 637 flagellar motor rotation rate 750 flap type valves 261 flash memory 899, 904–907 flat punch 697 flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) 303 flavoenyzme glucose oxidase (Gox) 303 flexible cantilever 332 flexible electronic devices 193 flip chip technique (FC) 1113 floating catalyst method 55 flocculation 555 Flory temperature 561 flow – activation energy 865 – laminar 264 – rate 269 – resistance 266 fluid mosaic membranes 293 fluidic – devices 253 – motion 270 – sampling 253 fluorescence – quantum yield 17 – spectroscopy 127 fluoride 397, 398 fluoride (111) surface 400 fluorinated DLC 833 fluorinated silane monolayer 190 FM (frequency modulation) – AFM 464 – AFM images 435 – mode 461 FMEA (failure mode effect analysis) 1101 focused ion beam (FIB) 330, 342, 376, 693, 709 foil cantilever 373 Fokker–Planck 891 folded protein structures 293 force – advection 266 – and displacement calibration 618 – between macroscopic bodies 551, 556 – between surfaces in liquids 554 – calibration 610, 632 – calibration mode 526 – calibration plot (FCP) 867, 1003 – cantilever-based 433 – constant 618 – curve 382 – detection 348 – distribution 1043 – effective gradient 463 – elastic 727, 757 – extension curve 744 – induced unbinding 487 – long-range 389, 398, 437 – mapping 490 – measurement 387 – measuring techniques 546, 547, 549 – modulation mode (FMM) 663 – modulation technique 505 – packing curves 758 – repulsive 480 – resolution 433, 481 – scales 750 – sensing tip 358 – sensitivity 481 – sensor 332, 389, 635 – spectroscopy (FS) 362, 434, 436, 476 – titration 621 – undulation 545, 564 – velocity curve 752 force field spectroscopy – three-dimensional 437 force-displacement – curve 608, 677, 681 – plot 607 force-distance – calibration 848 – curve 338, 451, 456, 621, 662, 668 – cycle 480 – diagram 469 form factor 900, 907 formate – covered surface 405 – (HCOO?) 404 formation of SAM 840 four helical bundle proteins 316 four-quadrants photodetectors 632 Fowler–Nordheim – equation 1076 – plot 1077 – tunneling 905 fractal – mobility 892 – space 891 – time 892 – time dependence 893 fracture 704, 1124, 1125 – strength 1036 – stress 767 – surfaces 777 – toughness 765, 767, 771, 775, 806, 807, 809, 810, 818 – toughness measurement 1027, 1030 Frank-Read source 703 free carrier density 127 free induction decay (FID) 305 free surface energy 874 freezing-melting transitions 588, 590, 886 Frenkel–Kontorova–Tomlinson (FKT) 637 – elastic chain 727 – model 725 frequency – measurement precision 358 – modulation (FM) 388 – modulation (FM) mode 331 – modulation AFM (FM-AFM) 389 – modulation SFM (FM-SFM) 415 – shift calculation 390 – shift curve 463, 464 friction 325, 498, 507, 515, 606, 618, 631, 717, 793, 844, 983 – anisotropy 642 – characteristics 1009 – coefficient 569–572, 576, 577, 579, 580, 583, 590, 592, 593, 886 load dependence 518 – control 832 – directionality effect 512 – effect of humidity on 515 – effect of tip on 515 – experiments on atomic scale 638 – global internal 667 – image 640 – kinetic 571–573, 583, 585–587, 589, 590, 593, 718, 728, 729, 884, 885 – lateral 453 – loop 637, 638, 649 – macroscale 842, 998 – macroscopic 732 – map 583, 640 – measurement 1033 – measurement methods 342 – measuring techniques 547, 548, 576, 583, 585 – mechanism 510, 723, 843, 848, 871, 1013 – molecular dynamics simulation 651 – performance 866 – rate experiments 888 – scale dependent 518 – torque 1015 – torque model 1014 – total 726 friction force 331, 335, 501, 516, 642, 813, 843, 850, 866, 1004, 1005 – calibration 335, 346 – curve 363 – decrease of 875 – image 845 – kinetic 722 – magnitude 345 – map 511, 648 – mapping 869 – microscope (FFM) 325, 498, 499, 841 – microscopy (FFM) 537, 631, 632 – Z-15 531 – Z-DOL (BW) 531 friction models – cobblestone model 572, 574 – Coulomb model 572 – creep model 589 – distance-dependent model 589 – interlocking asperity model 572 – phase transitions model 587, 589, 590 – rate-and-state dependent 590 – rough surfaces model 588 – surface topology model 588 – velocity-dependent model 587, 589 fringe detector 1028 fringing field 1068 frustules 314 fullerene 41, 792 fullerene-like structure 49 fullerite 42 functionalized nanotube 71, 72 fundamental resonant frequency 350 fused silica 699, 700, 704 – hardness 678 fusion bonding 1114