A
1, 1 -biphenyl-4-thiol (BPT) 843 4, 4 -dihydroxybiphenyl (DHBp) 843 ?CP (microcontact printing) 187, 197, 834 ?TAS (micro-total analysis systems) 257 ? -modified geometry 700 1,4-phenylenediamine (pDA) 916 1/f noise 387, 957 16-mercaptohexadecanoic acid thiol (MHA) 843 1-D localization – effects 120 – theory 120 1-D to 3-D transition in magnetic field 122 1-ethyl-3-(3-diamethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) 80, 296 2-D FKT model 638 2-DEG – two-dimensional electron gas 438 2-D-histogram technique 647 2-amino-4,5-imidazoledicarbonitrile (AIDCN) 918 2-mercaptoethylamine HCl 478 2-pyridyldithiopropionyl (PDP) 478 3,3 -dimethyl bipyridinium 14 3-D bulk state 428 3-D coil inductor 242 3-D switching architecture 238 3-D-force measurements 358 3-nitrobenzal malonitrile (NBMN) 916 A abrasive wear 649, 652 Abrikosov lattice 440 ABS (air-bearing surface) 968 ac electrochemical deposition 104 ac electrodeposition 103 accelerated friction 822 acceleration energy 798 accelerometer 230 – lateral 231 – packaging 1100 – test 1101 – three-axis 233 – vertical 232 – wafer fabrication 1091 acetonitrile 14, 19 acetylene (C2H2) 799 acid-treated SWNT 64 acoustic emission 690 actin-myosin motor 751 activation energy barrier 482 active linearization 361 active matrix electronic paper 195 active microfluidic devices 257 active microvalves 258 active structures 1028 actuated head 954 – fabrication 968 actuated slider 954, 968 – configuration 954 actuated suspension 953 actuation – pneumatic 258 actuator – miniaturized 986 actuator failure modes 1074 adatoms 392 addressing nanoscale bits of data 901 adenine 10 adenosine triphosphate (ATP) 741 adhesion 325, 498, 507, 515, 605, 799, 844, 930, 983 – at SAM interfaces 618 – control 832 – energy 619 – force 452, 546, 547, 552, 564, 566, 567, 619, 621 – force, quantized 558, 584 – hysteresis 567, 568, 573 – hysteresis, relation to friction 573, 576–579, 585 – influence of humidity on 850 – measurement 1011 – measurement techniques 606 – mechanics 564–566 – performance 866 – primary minimum 544, 555, 559 – promoter 188 – quantization 623 – rate-dependent 567, 568 adhesion force – total 616 adhesion-controlled friction 571, 572, 574 adhesive – coating 479 – interaction 732 – material 610 – surfaces 731 – wear 728 adhesive force 335, 646, 662, 867, 1004 – increase 876 – intrinsic 832 – mapping 537, 869 – measurement 503 adhesive tape film 907 adiabatic limit 482 adsorbate 404, 695 adsorbed – insulator substrate 400 – water 875 – water film 878 adsorption 64, 79, 476 – capacity 80 – sites in MWNT 65 AES (Auger electron spectroscopy) measurement 826 AFAM (atomic force acoustic microscopy) 326 affinity maturation 316 affinity selection 297 affinity-based targeting 301 AFM (atomic force microscope) 173–175, 743, 765 – adhesion measurement 620 – Binnig design 333 – calculated sensitivity 355 – cantilever 332, 350, 610 – cantilever array 923 – commercial 333 – construction 288 – contact mode 331 – control electronics 362 – design optimization 348 – designs 376 – feedback loop 362 – for UHV application 635 – image 392 – imaging signal 386 – instrumentation 347 – manufacturers 333 – microscratch technique 853 – probe construction 338 – probes 378 – pull-off force 619 – resolution 375 – set-up 450, 453 – spectroscopy 458 – surface height map 817 – test 818 – thermomechanical recording 924 – tip 288, 379, 386, 450, 452, 477, 480, 1013 – tip containing antibodies 489 – tip radius 518 – tip sensor design 476 – tip size 622 AFM image – tapping mode 914 Ag 395, 397 – on Nb(110) 429 – trimer 395 air bag sensor 1084, 1091 air damping 470 air gap capacitance 1075 air induced oscillations 348 air/water interface 479 air-bearing surface (ABS) 968 Al2O3-TiC head 825 Al2O3 54, 462, 633 – grains 508 – ultrafiltration membrane 669 Al2O3-TiC composite 508 Al2O3-TiC slider 998 AlxGa1?xAs 248 AlAs 248 alcohol 837 aldehydes 837 aligned carbon nanotubes 58 alignment accuracy 195 alignment of nanowires 109 alkali halides 397 alkaline phosphatase (AP) 271 alkane 835, 888, 889 alkanethiolate 187 – film 841 – on gold 187 – on palladium 187 – on silver 187 alkanethiols 404 alkylsilane film 619 all-fiber interferometer 418 all-MEMS configuration 907 all-metal cantilever 912 all-optical logic gates 21 all-optical switching network 237 alloy 662 all-silicon cantilever 926 alumina template 127 aluminum – gates 34 – mirror array 1088 aluminum oxide 54, 462, 633 aluminum-based surface micromachining 241 AM (amplitude modulation) – AFM 388 – mode 455 amide 838 amine 838 Amontons law 454, 517, 571, 574, 577, 580, 646, 718 amorphous – oxide layer 106 – surfaces 544 amorphous carbon 49, 793 – chemical structure 800 – coatings 800, 806 – phase 48 amperometric time-based detection method 272 amphiphilic molecular building blocks 23 amplitude feedback 465 amplitude modulation (AM) 388, 456 – mode 331 – SFM (scanning force microscope) 433 amplitude of vibration 911 anchor group 840 AND operator 15 angle of helicity 41 angle of twist formula 355 anion-terminated tip 399 anisotropy 704 – of friction 642 annealing effect 1036 anodic alumina (Al2O3) 100 – oxide films 102 – templates 103 anodic bonding 1096, 1115 anodization 100 ANSYS – analysis 1123 – stress prediction 1124 anthracene 20 – channel 21 antibiotic-resistant pathogens 293 antibody 296 – directed enzyme-prodrug therapy (ADEPTS) 301 – production 312 antibody–antigen 475 – binding 283 – complex 484 – recognition 491 antibody-coated beads 271 antiferromagnetic spin ordering 403 antigen presenting cell (APC) 312 antigen recognition 282 antimicrobial chemotherapy 293 anti-stiction – agent (ASA) 1104 – material 1104 AP (alkaline phosphatase) 271 APC (antigen presenting cell) 312 APCVD (atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition) 770 apparent viscosity 888 applications – electrical 131 arc discharge 798 areal density 900, 901, 907, 925, 932, 947, 952 Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) 489 armchair-type SWNT 42 array – cantilever 927 – characterization 927 – chip 923 – of aligned nanowires 115 – of nanotubes 53 Arrhenius equation 1127 artifacts 415 artificial double helix 12 as-deposited film 1035 aspect ratio 127 asperity-asperity interaction 618 as-released curvature 1059 assembled nanotube probes 378 assembly approaches 288 assembly of nanostructures 294 association process 476 atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (APCVD) 770 atomic – interaction force 452 – manipulation 419 – motion imaging 420 atomic force acoustic microscopy (AFAM) 326 atomic force microscope (AFM) 114, 288, 289, 303, 325, 331, 371, 385, 404, 476, 498, 546, 547, 549, 585, 588, 688, 717, 743, 841, 861, 862, 899, 922 atomic resolution 330, 382, 388, 389, 427, 476, 480 – imaging 391, 394–397, 462 atomic-scale – dissipation 655 – force measurement 347 – friction 507 – hysteresis 468 – image 327, 342, 434 – roughness 721 atomistic computer simulation 398, 724 ATP hydrolysis 742 ATP(adenosintriphosphate) synthase 741 attraction – long-range 550, 562 attractive force–distance profile 480 attractive interaction 864 Au film 771 Au microbeam 777, 778, 785 Au tip 619 Au(111) 423, 848, 850 – surface 619 Aubry transition 728 Au-coated AFM tip 619 austenite 665 average – distance 749 – lifetime 482 – stress 1049 axial strength 672 azopyridine 19